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Sympatric speciation and ecotone4/28/2023 It is based on the concept that new species arise when some physical geographic barrier divides the large population of a species into two or more small populations.The model for allopatric speciation was presented by Mayr.Allopatric speciation is the mode of speciation in which the original population is divided into two by a barrier resulting in reproductive isolation.Eventually, the genetic differentiation between the subpopulation becomes so high that the formation of hybrids between them would be physiologically, developmentally, or behaviorally impossible even if the modes of the separation were abolished.The genetic differentiation might cause a slight change in the mating dance or even a small change in the shape of the male genitalia or some changes in the habitat or feeding habits of the subpopulation, which results in reproductive isolation.Over time, the subpopulation now becomes genetically independent and will continue to diverge by mutation, selection, and genetic drift.Once the population is separated, a gradual accumulation of small genetic changes results in a subpopulation of a species that eventually accumulate so many changes that the subpopulations become different species.The process of speciation begins with the isolation of subpopulation of a species which could either occur through physical isolation (allotropic speciation) or genetic isolation (sympatric speciation).
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